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Breast Cancer in Mauritania: Mutations in Exon 4 of the TP53 Gene
Sidi Mohamed,
Fatimata Mbaye,
Jemila Bouka,
Ahmed Zein,
Anna Ndong,
Mbacké Sembene
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
38-47
Received:
31 March 2023
Accepted:
18 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths reported in 2020. Approximately 70% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 685,000 deaths due to breast cancer were reported worldwide. Cancer is characterized by the presence of most triggers in the genome. Mutations in genes, either passed from one generation to the next or acquired throughout life, can cause breast cancer. Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that negatively regulate cell proliferation and repress certain oncogenes. One of these genes, the TP53 gene, has multiple biological functions. Understanding the mechanism of action of p53 in breast carcinogenesis has been an important challenge in cancer research. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of alterations in exon 4 of the TP53 gene in Mauritanian patients with breast cancer. The study was conducted using 45 tumor tissue sequences and 35 control sequences. The nature and position of the mutations were determined using Mutation Surveyor V5.1.2 The pathogenicity of the mutations was determined using Polyphen2, SIFT, and Mutation Tester, and their three-dimensional structure was determined using the I-Tasser server. DnaSP version 5.10, MEGA version 7.014, and Arlequin version 3.1 were used to highlight the variability of exon 4 of the TP53 gene. Our results revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide variant at position (c.139 C>T), which causes an amino acid change from proline to serine at codon 47 in the coding region of exon 4 of the TP53 gene. Of note, this variant has already been listed in the database (rs1800371). In addition, five novel mutations were found in the cancer tissue sequences alone, with statistically significant scores. Analyses of genetic variability indicated a relatively high polymorphism in tumor tissue sequences compared with control sequences. This variability may contribute to the involvement of exon 4 mutations in the occurrence of breast cancer in our population, and serves as the first data on TP53 exon 4 alterations in Mauritania.
Abstract: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths reported in 2020. Approximately 70% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 685,000 deaths due to breast cancer were reported worldwide. Cancer is characterized by the...
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Identification of Stem Rust Resistance Genes in Released Wheat Varieties by Linked SSR Markers and Phenotypic Screening
Sisay Kidane Alemu,
Obssi Dessalegn Hora,
Fedesa Kebede Terfasa,
Melesech Teshale,
Belainesh Hailu,
Kefyalew Negisho Bayissa,
Biruktait Berhanu,
Ashenafi Gemechu Degete,
Netsanet Bacha,
Habtemariam Zegeye,
Tsegaab Tesfaye,
Urgesa Tsega Tulu,
Mulatu Gidi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
48-59
Received:
19 February 2023
Accepted:
4 May 2023
Published:
18 May 2023
Abstract: Wheat suffers significant yield losses due to stem rust disease caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks and Henn. Molecular level assessment of existing Sr genes in improved and advanced wheat materials combined with phenotypic screening lays down the basis for effective varietal development against this production constraint. Therefore, this study was carried out: to detect stem rust resistance genes present in Ethiopian bread wheat and durum wheat varieties using molecular markers; and to determine their effectiveness for the virulent Ethiopian stem rust races including Ug99. Screening of 49 wheat varieties with 11 SSR markers linked to 11 Stem rust resistance genes resulted in the detection of 5 Stem rust resistance genes (Sr22, Sr25, Sr24, Sr77 and SrTA10187) in a subset of 12 varieties. The detected number of genes ranged between 1 and 2 per genotype. Despite amplifying the expected fragment, the markers have also resulted in several off-target amplifications suggesting the need to develop other relatively stable markers specific to the target genes. Field resistance screening at Debre Zeit Research Center resulted in 20 varieties showing good resistance to stem rust of which 2 are durum wheat cultivars and the rest 18 are bread wheat varieties. Recent data in 2022, however, showed only 5 out of the 20 had a resistant reaction while the other even became susceptible. For instance, most of the mega bread wheat cultivars like Ogolcho also were defeated due to the newly emerging race TTKTT. Among the genes detected by molecular markers, only SrTA10187 seems to be effective against the rust population in the field. Seedling resistances screening gave a range of proportion of Resistant (R) to Susceptible (S) variety varying from 12:36 for TTKTT; 40:8 for TKTTF; 39:9 for TTKSK and 44:4 for TTTTF. Eight varieties (Sulla, Galil, Huluka, Kingbird, Millenium, Obsa, Tate and Ilani) exhibited resistant reaction consistently across the four pathotypes. Nine varieties (Honqollo, Millenium, Kulkulu, Shorima, Hogana, Meraro, Ilani and Galil) identified as resistant at both seedling and Adult plant stage. The genes, Sr22 in variety Oda and Sr25 in variety Dinknesh appeared to be effective for TTKTT, TKTTF, TTKSK and TKTTF, TTKSK, TTTTF, respectively. The detected Stem rust resistance genes in the present study which are effective against the pathotyeps combined with the resistant varieties at seedling and adult plant stage can support the wheat breeding program towards improving the crop.
Abstract: Wheat suffers significant yield losses due to stem rust disease caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks and Henn. Molecular level assessment of existing Sr genes in improved and advanced wheat materials combined with phenotypic screening lays down the basis for effective varietal development against this production constraint. Theref...
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Performance Evaluation of Desi Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Through Participatory Variety Selection South Gonder Zone, North Western Ethiopia
Yasin Taye,
Alamir Ayenew
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
60-66
Received:
14 February 2023
Accepted:
12 May 2023
Published:
24 May 2023
Abstract: Chickpea is a multi-functional crop, has an important role in the diet of Ethiopian small-scale farmers' households, and also serves as a protein source for the rural poor who cannot afford to buy animal products. Though many improved chickpea varieties were released by different research centers depending on breeding objectives. Participatory Variety Selection was conducted during 2019/2020 in both Simada and Libokemkem districts of south Gonder Zone, Ethiopia. To assess the performance of chickpeas) varieties and to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for chickpeas. Seven desi-type chickpea varieties with one local check were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined Analysis of Variance for stand count at germination, stand count at harvest, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain yield per hectare, and hundred seed weight showed high significant (P< 0.01) difference for genotypes and the combined analysis of variance for stand count at germination, stand count at harvest, days to flowering, plant height, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield revealed significant (P<0.01) difference for location. The study also revealed that in some cases the researchers' selection criteria were identical to farmers' preferences. These parameters include Disease reaction, Branch number, pod size, adaptability, and early maturity. Hence, including farmers' preferences in a variety selection process is paramount important. Therefore, based on attentively measured parameters, farmers' favorites, and the agro-ecologies of the site the varieties Minjar and Fetenech are selected for the area. The varieties Minjar and Fetenech should also be considered by farmers for their preference in the study area.
Abstract: Chickpea is a multi-functional crop, has an important role in the diet of Ethiopian small-scale farmers' households, and also serves as a protein source for the rural poor who cannot afford to buy animal products. Though many improved chickpea varieties were released by different research centers depending on breeding objectives. Participatory Vari...
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