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Research Article
Direct and Indirect Effects of Yield Related Traits on Seed Yield in Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica Carinata A. BRAUN) Genotypes
Mohammed Abu*
,
Birhanu Mengistu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
74-80
Received:
18 September 2024
Accepted:
8 October 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
Abstract: Understanding trait association is essential to increasing the effectiveness of crop plant improvement selection. In order to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on Ethiopian mustard seed yield, as well as the extent of trait relationships, this study was carried out at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center's main station in 2020 and 2021. The study employed 23 advanced genotypes and two standard checks, Tesfa and Deresh. A 5 x 5 simple lattice design was used to set up the experiment. The SAS 9.3(2014) software was used to analyze the data on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, yield per plot, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, and number of pods per plant. Calculating the relative efficiency of randomized complete block design versus simple lattice design, 123% was found. Simple path coefficient and correlation coefficient analyses were conducted, and the significance and effects were evaluated in accordance with the standards set by various biometricians. The genotypes that were tested differed significantly, as demonstrated by the analysis of variance. All traits were positively and significantly correlated, both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels, with seed yield per plot, according to the correlation coefficient analysis. All traits had a positive and highest direct effect on seed yield, according to phenotypic and genotypic path coefficient analysis.
Abstract: Understanding trait association is essential to increasing the effectiveness of crop plant improvement selection. In order to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on Ethiopian mustard seed yield, as well as the extent of trait relationships, this study was carried out at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center's main s...
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Case Report
Rare Maternal Structural Mosaicism as a Familial Cause of 18p Deletion Syndrome: Cytogenetics Mechanisms and Phenotypic Variability
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
81-85
Received:
10 September 2024
Accepted:
4 October 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.12
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Abstract: The chromosome 18p deletion (18p-) syndrome or monosomy of 18p is a rare chromosome abnormality, considered a contiguous gene deletion syndrome resulting from the deletion of a portion or most of the whole short arm of chromosome 18. Therefore, it can present a spectrum of phenotypes associated with different prognostic outcomes. Understanding the clinical variability of this condition is important once the fertility is preserved, impacting genetic counseling and reproductive outcomes. The aim of this article is to report a case of familial 18p deletion syndrome and its striking phenotypic variability within the same family. A male stillborn presenting alobar holoprosencephaly and his mother who presented with a single central incisor came to our attention for genetic investigation. Karyotype analysis and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) from a cordocentesis blood sample of the male stillborn was performed. Parents’ cytogenetic analyses were obtained through peripheral blood cultures. Chromosomes were analyzed after GTG banding. FISH technique was carried out on both the proband's and maternal samples using WCP18 (whole chromosome 18) specific probes, according to the manufacturer's protocols. The stillborn karyotype and FISH analysis revealed a deletion characterized by 46, XY del(18)(p11.1→pter).ish del(18)(p11.1→pter)(wcp18-). His mother showed the same deletion in 45% of the analyzed cells revealing a rare structural mosaicism. The striking phenotypic variability encountered in this family could be attributed to a genetic combination of the deleted segment in the proband; and the presence of a mosaic normal karyotype may very well attenuate the mother’s phenotypic presentation. The origin of an abnormally structural chromosome in mosaic possibly originated from a post-zygotic cell division event during the embryonic development of the mother. The consequences on the family offsprings of such rare cytogenetic event impacts greatly the family genetic counseling
Abstract: The chromosome 18p deletion (18p-) syndrome or monosomy of 18p is a rare chromosome abnormality, considered a contiguous gene deletion syndrome resulting from the deletion of a portion or most of the whole short arm of chromosome 18. Therefore, it can present a spectrum of phenotypes associated with different prognostic outcomes. Understanding the ...
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Case Report
Klinefelter Mosaicism 46, XX/47, XXY with Ovotestis- DSD
Mama S. Y.*,
Chérif Mouhamed Dial,
Adji Djeynaba Diallo,
Racha Kamenda Ibondou,
Abdoulaye Séga Diallo,
Oumar Faye
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
86-92
Received:
15 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.13
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Abstract: Klinefelter syndrome is a relatively common chromosomal condition affecting approximately 1 in 500-1,000 males. 46, XX /47 XXY Klinefelter Syndrome mosaicism is rare enough, resulting in a few cases described in literature. Variable phenotypes and clinical presentations such as gynecomastia, infertility, cryptorchidism, and disorders of sexual development (DSD) are associated with this karyotype presentation. The association of Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism 46 XX/47 XXY and OT DSD is a rare feature. We report the case of a 34-year-old man who presented for semen analysis and karyotyping in our unit. The patient had bilateral gynecomastia and absence of facial hair. Penile length was 4,5 cm with an external meatus located on the posterior face of the phallus, characterizing a posterior hypospadias. Testis was palpable in the right hemiscrotum, but the left hemiscrotum was empty. Ultrasonography revealed the presence of the left gonad located in the left iliac fossa, while the right gonad in the scrotum had testicular morphology according to ultrasound exam. Chromosomal analysis revealed 46, XX/47, XXY mosaicism, and semen analysis an azoospermia. Our patient underwent surgery because of the risk of malignancy, and histopathologic examination of the left excised gonad confirmed the structure to be an ovotestis. The biopsy of the right gonad, realized for eventual cryopreservation, revealed atrophic seminiferous tubules and a pseudo tumoral aspect of Leydig cells with hyperplasia without atypia. Personalized approach and multidisciplinary care are needed to get a diagnosis, resolve sex reassignment, and improve the quality of life of the patient. In that feature, the percentage of XX cells could play a role on phenotype, particularly on Müllerrian structure persistence, but also on a relative increased risk of malignancy degenerescence compared to other cases of OT-DSD.
Abstract: Klinefelter syndrome is a relatively common chromosomal condition affecting approximately 1 in 500-1,000 males. 46, XX /47 XXY Klinefelter Syndrome mosaicism is rare enough, resulting in a few cases described in literature. Variable phenotypes and clinical presentations such as gynecomastia, infertility, cryptorchidism, and disorders of sexual deve...
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Review Article
Evolution and History of Domestication of Livestock, Livestock Population, and Livestock Development Trend in the World and in Ethiopia: Review
Segni Giza*,
Tekele Walkaro
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
93-102
Received:
21 August 2024
Accepted:
10 October 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
Abstract: The aim of this study is to review the literature and provide a technical brief about history of domestication of livestock, livestock population and livestock development on the world as well as in Ethiopia. Animal domestication started in an ancient time and it needs further investigation till now. Genetic processes are involved in the evolution of animals during domestication. The time of domestication animal is different from each other. Animal domestication was conducted by different alternative path ways. Among those path way direct path way was the most deliberate path way of animal domestication. Again there are certain consequences of domestication. Among those comparison of wild and domestic livestock, longitudinal analysis of wild animals kept in captivity, results brought by molecular genetics are the main one. The population of the livestock in world is increasing from time to time. The world human population is being increasing by high amount of number; to feed those huge numbers of population giving attention for livestock development trend and production system is very essential. Additionally, in the case of our country the number of livestock is high by a number. But the production and productivity is very small compared with the livestock we have. Finally, there are certain modifiers of future livestock production and consumption for resource; socio cultural modifiers and ethical concern are the main one.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to review the literature and provide a technical brief about history of domestication of livestock, livestock population and livestock development on the world as well as in Ethiopia. Animal domestication started in an ancient time and it needs further investigation till now. Genetic processes are involved in the evolution ...
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Research Article
Polymorphisms rs7041 (c.1296T>G) and rs4588 (c.1307C>A) and Distribution of Gc Variants in a Population of Hemodialysis Patients in Abidjan
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
103-109
Received:
28 October 2024
Accepted:
9 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.15
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Abstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal failure patients are routinely supplemented with vitamin D to compensate for this deficiency. The response to vitamin D supplementation can vary according to variants in the Gc (Vitamin D-binding protein) gene. The combination of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7041 (c.1296T>G) and rs4588 (c.1307C>A), in the Gc gene forms three variants, namely Gc1f (c.1296 T, c.1307C), Gc1s (c.1296G, c.1307C), Gc2 (c.1296T, c.1307A), which result in six vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) phenotypes. Significant variations in variant frequency are reported in different populations. Objectif: The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of Gc genotypes and variants in a population of haemodialysis patients. Methods and Results: Genomic DNA from forty-eight blacks Africans adults with CKD were extracted from whole blood samples. The DNA region spanning the two SNPs of interest was amplified by PCR. The amplified DNA was subjected to the action of restriction enzymes, StyI and HaeIII in two different reactions. Genotyping was performed by analysis of the length of restriction fragments by 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The mean age of the study population was 42±12 years, with a sex ratio of 1.6. The C/C genotype of rs4588 (c.1307C>A) was the most frequent, followed by the T/T genotype (90.6%) of rs7041 (c.1296T>G). Three DBP phenotypes, Gc1f-1f (c.1296T, c.1307C/p.432Asp, p.436Thr): 89.6 %, Gc1s-1s (c.1296 G, c.1307C/p.432Glu, p.436Thr): 8.3 %, and Gc1f/Gc1s: 2,1% were identified. Conclusion: Finally, the Gc1f variant was the most frequent. Our results suggest the need for vitamin D testing to establish the correlation between the observed Gc genotypes/variants and vitamin D status in the study population.
Abstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal failure patients are routinely supplemented with vitamin D to compensate for this deficiency. The response to vitamin D supplementation can vary according to variants in the Gc (Vitamin D-binding protein) gene. The combination of two single-nucleotide polymorphi...
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Review Article
Coffee Improvement by Interspecific Hybridization in Ethiopia
Meseret Degefa Regassa*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
110-116
Received:
18 October 2024
Accepted:
7 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.16
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Abstract: Ethiopia is fortunate in this aspect because it is the origin and genetic diversity center for Arabica coffee. This study's goal was to provide a succinct overview of Ethiopia's hybrid coffee variety development and successes. The main issue is a lack of improved hybrid types, despite the population of coffee having a high genetic variety, which offers enormous prospects for development programs. It is clear that current genetic and breeding research on coffee is insufficient to address the country's different agro-ecologies. Some of the fundamental breeding strategies to deal with such issues include combining ability analysis and hybridization investigation through heterosis. The presence of heterosis was reported in crosses of selected indigenous C. arabica L. varieties in Ethiopia under different set of studies, primarily due to the presence of diverse parental lines. Some studies had been conducted on assessment of heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and morphological characteristics of coffee in Ethiopia. These findings unmistakably pointed to the potential for heterosis and combining ability analyses to significantly improve coffee. Generally, in Ethiopia starting from 1998 to 2023 only nine hybrid coffee variety released nationally. In order to create hybrids with improved performance and high yields for coffee with an Ethiopian origin, a continual crossing program should be necessary to obtain many additional cross combinations.
Abstract: Ethiopia is fortunate in this aspect because it is the origin and genetic diversity center for Arabica coffee. This study's goal was to provide a succinct overview of Ethiopia's hybrid coffee variety development and successes. The main issue is a lack of improved hybrid types, despite the population of coffee having a high genetic variety, which of...
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Research Article
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agronomical Traits of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes Under Drought Stress Area
Ambesu Tiliye*,
Shimelis Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
117-126
Received:
17 October 2024
Accepted:
7 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.17
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Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of origin and domestication for sorghum with a wide range of collections from various agro-ecologies. However, there are many factors that hinder the production and productivity of sorghum. Drought is one of the most important factors that affect crop production worldwide and continues to be a challenge to plant breeders, despite many decades of research. The association of traits that may exist between or among sorghum characters is essential for breeders. Therefore, the present study is aimed to analyze and determine the traits having greater association with yield utilizing the correlation and path analysis for different traits of lowland Ethiopian sorghum genotypes. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted at Miesso to estimate the association of traits, and determine their direct and indirect effects on grain yield. The area represents dry lowlands where sorghum is predominantly grown by smallholder farmers. A set of 72 sorghum genotypes advanced from a pedigree breeding approach was used in this study. The experiment was laid out using Row-Column design with two replications during 2021 main cropping season. R statistical software was used to analyze the data. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant variations among the tested genotypes for the studied traits. Grain yield had positive and highly significant correlation with panicle weight, panicle yield, stand count and grain filling rate at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Grain yield had also negative and highly significantly correlation with days to flowering at both genotypic and phenotypic level and days to maturity at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis indicated that grain filling rate exerted the highest positive direct effect on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of origin and domestication for sorghum with a wide range of collections from various agro-ecologies. However, there are many factors that hinder the production and productivity of sorghum. Drought is one of the most important factors that affect crop production worldwide and continues to be a challenge to plant breeders, des...
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Research Article
Impact of Mutations in the D-loop Region in Ovarian Cancer in Senegalese Women
Habib Fall*,
Fatimata Mbaye,
Mbacké Sembene
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
127-135
Received:
15 October 2024
Accepted:
12 November 2024
Published:
29 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20241204.18
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Abstract: In Senegal, ovarian cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women with an incidence of 5.0/100,000 women. Thirty-five cancerous tissues, twenty-seven healthy tissues were included in this study. Due to the anatomical position of the ovary, the removal of a sample of suspicious tissue from each patient involves surgery through laparotomy or laparoscopy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to obtain sequences. BioEdit version 7.0.5.3 2005, Harlequin version 3.0, DnaSP version 5.10.01, MEGA 6 were used to perform the analyses. The results show a higher percentage of transition in cancerous tissues (91.45) than in healthy tissues (75.19) in contrast to transversions which are greater in healthy tissues (24.84) than in cancerous tissues (8.54), and the mutation rate (R) is also higher in cancerous tissues (10.712) than in healthy tissues (3.079). Analysis of the polymorphism revealed high values of haplotypic diversity in both cancerous tissues (0.662±0.085) and healthy tissues (0.997±0.011), and low nucleotide diversity values in both tissues (cancerous tissues=0.00922±0.00175; healthy tissues=0.01539±0.00175), these results show us that the genetic evolution of mutations in ovarian cancer has a strong polymorphism. It was also found that the value of the genetic distance between healthy tissues (0.016) was higher than that observed between cancerous tissues (0.009). The genetic distance between healthy and cancerous tissues is 0.015 closer than that observed between healthy tissues. The value of genetic differentiation between healthy and cancerous tissues is significant; this demonstrates a much faster proliferation of cancer cells. The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to better understand the target population by clearly identifying demographic parameters and on the other hand, to evaluate the involvement of somatic mutations and mitochondrial DNA gene expression in the occurrence of ovarian cancer in women in Senegal. The specific objectives are to search for mutations of interest by sequencing mtDNA genes with quasi-maternal inheritance and the impact of these mutations in the D-loop region in healthy and diseased tissues in the patient, but also to learn about the diversity, differentiation and genetic evolution of ovarian cancer in Senegalese women.
Abstract: In Senegal, ovarian cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women with an incidence of 5.0/100,000 women. Thirty-five cancerous tissues, twenty-seven healthy tissues were included in this study. Due to the anatomical position of the ovary, the removal of a sample of suspicious tissue from each patient involves surgery through laparotomy or laparosc...
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